Regulating system for electric machines of the revolving-field type.



F. W. MEYER. REGULATING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES OF THE REVOLVINGFIELD TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED 0617,1911.

1,186,818. Patented June 13, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR BY M ATTORNEY F. W. MEYER.

REGULATING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES OF THE REVOLVING FIELD TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED 0CT.7, 1911.

1,186,818. I Patented 11111 13, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR ATTORNEY N TED STATES P TENT OFFICE.

FRIEDRICH WILHELM MEYER, OF DUISBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR T0 WESTING-HOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYL- VANIA.g

REGULATING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES OF THE REVOLVING-FIELD TYPE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented June 13, 1916,

Application filed October 7, 1911. Serial No. 653,380.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRIEDRICH WILHELM MEYER, Dr. Ing., a subject of theKing of Prussia, and resident of Grabenstrasse 53,

Duisburg, Rhine Province, Germany, have invented a new and ImprovedProcess in Regulating Systems for Electric Machines.

of the Revolving-Field Type; and I do hereby declare the following isa'full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference be ing hadto the accompanying drawings, forming a part of. this specification.

- My invention relates to alternating current dynamo electric machines,and it has for its object to provide a machine that may be operated as amotor at variable speeds under economical and advantageous conditions,or as a regulating machine for induction and similar motors so that thelatter which the brushes have been shifted and the number ofconvolutions in the field or stator winding has been varied in order toobtain the desired speed and power factor regulation.. The expedient ofshifting the brushes possesses many disadvantages, the main obj ectionbeing that proper commutating fields cannot readily be provided for therange of brush movement usually necessary or desirable.

According to the present invention, the stator of the motor is providedwith'a distinct winding for each phase so arranged that the positions ofthe effective portions thereof may be shifted and the numbers ofconvolutions of which may be adjusted to obtain speed regulation whilestill maintaining a good power factor, the brushes remaining stationaryto permit of the convenient and economical employment of commutatingwindings to prevent sparking at the brushes.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 ofwhich is a diagrammatic view of a motor embodying. the same and having aseries characteristic. Fig. 2 1s a similar view of a motor having ashunt motor characteristic. Fig. 3 is a similar view of a motor providedwith a compound winding. Fig. 1 is a similar view bodying my inventionand respectively having series and shunt field windings. Fig. 5 is adiagrammatic view showing a motor em: bodying the invention employed asa regulating machine for an induction motor, and Fig. 6' is amodification of the motor of Fig. 3.

In its simplest form, the machine of the present invention comprises arotatable armature 1, having a, winding 2 that is connected in the usualmanner to the segments of a commutator cylinder 3, and a stationarymember or stator provided with a progressive distributed winding similarto that or-- to of two mechanically coupled motors emdinarily employedin previously constructed direct current machines or in polyphasealternating current commutator and induction motors, except that thedifferent phase portions 4:, 5 and 6 thereof are separate and distinctand are preferably not permanently connected together. The commutatorbrushes 7, 8 and 9 are preferably stationary and are respectivelyconnected to suitable points in corresponding phase portions of thefield or stator winding, the said points of connection being preferablyadjustable both for the purpose of regulating'the numbers ofconvolutions of the said portions of the windings, and for adjusting theposi- .tions of the effective portions thereof with respect to thecommutator brushes. Other points in the several portions of the field orstator winding, which are preferably near the opposite ends of the saidportions of the windings to' which the commutator brushes are connected,are respectively connected, to conductors 10, 11 and 12 of a suitablesupply circuit. The connections of the convolutions in the severalportions of the field winding are preferably adjustable for the purposeof adjusting the numbers of convolutions in the several portions of thefield winding andfor adjusting the positions of the effective. portionsthereof with respe'ctto the commutator brushes. Commutating windings 13,14: and 15 are also provided upon the stator, which windings areconnected between suitable points in the several phase portions of themain winding, the sald points of connection being preferably adjustablefor the purpose of regulatalso for improving the field form when themotor is under load. The points of connection of the commutator brushesand of the supply circuit to the stator winding .may be regulated eitherby a separate controller or by a re lating commutator on-the machineitself. f a large range of regulation is desired, it may be desirable todivide each phase portion of the main winding into two or more parts,and to employ an adjustable connection between the said parts, such, forinstance, as shown at 16. In this manner, objectionable disturbance ofthe revolving field form and -a corresponding influence upon thecommutation may be avoided.

It will be noted that in the motor of Fig.

1, the current derived from the supply cir' cuit passes first throughthe main stator or field winding and then through the armature. Thismotor, therefore, has the characteristic of an ordinary series motor.However, in cases where it is necessary that the, motor maintain asubstantially uniform speed under variation of load, a simple seriesmotor cannot be employed. In such cases, a separate circuit may beprovided for the current in the field or main stator winding, as shownin Fig. 2, by the pro. I VlSlOll of an adjustable connector 27 that isadapted to connect together the several phase portions of the field ormain stator winding at or near the ends thereof opposite to the ends ator near which the supply circuit is connected to said windings. The

commutator brushes are adjustably connected to suitable intermediatepoints of the respective phase portions of the field or main statorwinding. With this arrangement, the positions of the active portions ofthe field winding with respect to the commutatorbrushes, the numbers ofactiveconvolutions in the variousphase portions of the field winding,and the voltage applied to the armature, may be separately adjusted forthe purpose of regulatingthe speed, the

power actor and the "startmg torque of the motor.- However, if desiredfor the sake of simplicity of construction, any one'or.

more of the separate ,regulating features may be omitted,and if a largeran regulation is desired, the positions 0 the gaps between the severalphase-portions of the field winding may also be shifted. Thisarrangement also rmits of employment of commutating win ings.

It will, of course, be understood that the cross sections of theconductors employed in ity of speed with variations of load than can beobtained with a 'motor having a shunt motor characteristic, as that ofFig. 2, the motor may be provided, as in Fig. 3, with a specialserieswinding 17, 18 and 19 in addition to a main shunt winding likethat employed in Fig. 2. Suitable portions of this mries winding areincluded in the connections between the commutator brushes and the shuntfield winding. In this mannor, acompounding action is obtained, the 2amount or degree of which may be regulated by adjustment of the variouspoints of connections of the several windings and circuits with eachother.v The compound-' ing action is not limited to passingv only thearmature current through the series, winding, but, if desired, the totalcurrent inky also be passed therethrough, in which case the serieswinding will. be included in the connections between the supply circuitand the shunt field winding as shown in Fig. 6. The adjustments forphase compensation or power factor under no-load conditions may be madein connection with the shunt field winding, and the additionalompensation for load may bemade in co nection with the series fieldwinding, whi load compensation is obtainable between fairly wide limitsat the higher speeds. This arrangement of the windings is particularlyapplicable where it is desired to obtain a load equalizing action by.the provision of a fly wheel upon the motor shaft or other parts havingconsiderable inertia that are connected to the motor. f f

A greater degree 0 power actor compensation and regulation may beobtained if two-mechanically coupled motors 20 and 21 are employed, theone (20) having a shunt field winding 22, and the other- (2 1) having aseries field winding 23 that is included in adjustable connectionsbetween the shunt field winding 22 of the motor 20 and one setofcommutator brushes 24, 25 and 26 of second set of commutator brushes ofthe series machine 21 are respectively connected to the brushes .of theshunt -machine 20. The pole numbers of the two machines are preferablyso adjusted with respect to each' other that the shunt machine 20 willtend to operate at less than synchronous speed,

the series machine 21. The members of].

Ill

' lating the speed and power factor of an induction motor in a mannersuch that comparatively slight losses of energy will be involved in theregulation. InFig. 5, the motor is shown as applied to this purpose, theprimary member 30 of the induction motor being connected in the usualmanner to a supply circuit 31, and its secondary member 32 beingconnected to the field or main stator winding 33 of a motor'of the kindhereinbefore described, except for the fact that slip rings 34, whichare connected to suitable points in the armature winding, are alsoconnected to the supply circuit. With this arrangement, the inductionmotor which drives the load may be operated at comparav tively highspeed, andwill, of course, be of sufiicient size and capacity to carrythe load, while the regulating commutator machine will be only ofsufiicient size and capacity to provide'for the desired range of speedregulation, and will, therefore, in most, if not all, cases be muchsmaller than the induction motor. Inasmuch as the arrangement shown inFig. 5 forms the subject matter of a separate divisional application,Serial No. 741,457, filed Jan. 11, 1913, the manner in which theinduction motor is regulated by the auxiliary commutator machine willnot be here fully discussed, but reference may be had to such divisionalapplication.

I claim as my invention:

1. A polyphase alternating-current machine comprising a progressivedistributed field-magnet winding having a plurality of phase divisions,an armature having a commutator cylinder, brushes engaging saidcommutator cylinder correspondin in number to the phase divisions of theeld-magnet winding, and means for rendering active' at will 'difierentportions of the fieldmagnet winding.

2. A polyphase alternating-current machine comprising a progressivedistributed field-magnet winding having a plurality of phase divisions,an armature having a commutator cylinder, brushes engaging saidcommutator cylinder correspondin in numher to the phase divisions of thefield-magnet winding and respectively adjustably connected thereto, andmeans for rendering active at will different portions of the fieldmagnetwinding.

3. A polyphase alternating current machinecomprising a progressivedistributed field magnet winding having a plurality of phase divisions,an armature having a commutator cylinder, brushes engaging saidcommutator cylinder, and means for varying the active lengths of theseveral phase divisions of the field magnet winding and the positions ofthe active portions or said phase divisions. I

4. A polyphase alternating current machine comprising a distributedfield magnet winding having a plurality of phase diviwinding and thepositions of the active por-y tions of said phase divisions, andcommutat ing windings respectively connected to the several phasedivisions of the field magnet winding.

5. A polyphase alternating current machine comprising a distributedfield magnet having a plurality of phase divisions, an armature having acommutator cylinder, brushes engaging said commutator cylinder, meansfor varying the positions of the active portions of the several phasedivisions of the field magnet winding, and commutating windingsrespectively connected to the several phase divisions of the fieldmagnet winding.

6. A polyphase alternating-currexit machine comprising a progressivedistributed field-magnet winding having a plurality of phase divisions,an armature having a commutator cylinder, brushes engaging saidcommutator cylinder respectively adjustably connected to the severalphase divisions of the field-magnet winding, and means whereby theseveral phase divisions of the field-magnet winding may be connectedtogether and different portions thereof rendered active.

7. A polyphase alternating current machine comprising a progressivedistributed field magnet winding having a plurality of phase divisions,an armature having a comand meansfor connecting together the severalphase divisions of the field magnet winding and for varying the activelengths of the several phase divisions of the field magnet winding andthe positionsthereo'f with respect to the commutator'brushes.

9. A polyphase alternating current machine comprising a plurality ofdistributed field magnet windings each having a plurality of phasedivisions, a portion of each phase division of one winding beingconnected in series with the active portion of the corresponding phasedivision of the mutator cylinder, and brushes. engaging said commutatorcylinder and respectively connected to the phase divisions of one of thefield magnet windings.

chlne comprising a progressive distributed 4 field magnet winding havinga plura1ity of phase divisions, means for varying the positions of theactive portions of the several phase divisions of the field magnetwinding, an armature having a commutator cylinder, brushes engaging saidcommutator cylinder, and commutating windings.

[sun] 7 the same may conform the record of the ease 11. A polyphasealternating current machine comprising a progressive distributed fieldmagnet winding having a plurality of phase divisions, means for varyingthe, positions and lengths of the active portions of l0. A polyphasealternating current mathe several phase divisions of the field magnetwinding, an armature having a commutator cylinder,-brushes engaging saidcomnutator cylinder, and commutating windings. i

FRIEDRICH WILHELH MEYER. Witnesses:

R. WEIss, H. WENDL.

in the Patent-015cc.

Signed and Mathis 25th dayof July, A. 1)., 916;

. 1 w. n.oLAY,

It ishereby certified that in Letterslatent Nel 1 ,186,818, granted 13,1916, upon the applicationof Friedrich Wilhelm Meyer, Duisburg, Germany,for an improvement in Regulating Systems for Electric of the Revolving-Field Type, an error the p specificationirequiring correction Itfollows: Page 1", line 100,161 the words amal a his jaw ap ly arm: a;and that the said Letters Patent should with amass was at

